Responsabilidad ambiental regional y emisiones de CO2 asociadas al comercio interregional en Chile
Palabras clave:
Emisiones de carbono, responsabilidad ambiental, modelo insumo producto multirregional emisiones interregionalesResumen
Se evalúa para las regiones de Chile las emisiones de CO2e originadas por quema de combustible fósil líquido, con base en un modelo económico multirregional extendido ambientalmente, el cual, permite evaluar para cada región el grado de responsabilidad ambiental desde tres perspectivas, esto es, la responsabilidad del productor, del consumidor y del valor agregado. Los resultados evidencian un patrón centro-periferia de emisiones, donde el centro que es Santiago concentra actividades de servicios terciarios, que son limpias desde la perspectiva del consumo y de la producción, pero desde la perspectiva del valor agregado generan el mayor volumen de emisiones. Mientras que, las regiones de la periferia especializadas en actividades extractivas e industriales intensivas en emisiones benefician en términos de consumo al centro del país y al resto del mundo a través de exportaciones. Los resultados favorecerán la justicia ambiental territorial y la eficiencia de la política de mitigación de emisiones nacional.
Citas
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AROCA, P. & ATIENZA, M. Spatial concentration in Latin America and the role of institutions. Investigaciones Regionales, 2016, 36:233-253.
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CADARSO, M., LÓPEZ, L., GÓMEZ, N., TOBARRA, M. International trade and shared environmental responsibility by sector. An application to the Spanish economy. Ecological Economics, 2012.
CANSINO, J., SÁNCHEZ-BRAZA, A., & RODRÍGUEZ-ARÉVALO, M. How can Chile move away from a high carbon economy?. Energy Economics, 2018, 69:350–366.
CHANDRAKUMAR, C., MCLAREN, S. J., MALIK, A., RAMILAN, T., & LENZEN, M. Understanding New Zealand’s consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions: an application of multi-regional input-output analysis. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2019.
CHANG, N. & LAHR, M. Changes in China’s production-source CO2 emissions: insights from structural decomposition analysis and linkage analysis. Economic Systems Research, 2016, 28(2).
CHEN, W., LEI, Y., FENG, K., WU, S., & LI, L. Provincial emission accounting for CO2 mitigation in China: Insights from production, consumption and income perspectives. Applied Energy, 2019, 255-113754.
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DIETZENBACHER, E. & VAN DER LINDEN, J. Sectoral and spatial linkages in the EC production structure. Journal of Regional Science. 1997, 37:235-257.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2030 climate and energy goals for a competitive, secure and low-carbon EU economy. Brussels, 22 January 2014.
FUENTES, L. & PEZOA, M. Nuevas geografías urbanas en Santiago de Chile 1992-2012. Entre la implosión y la explosión de lo metropolitano. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 2018, 70:131-151.
GALLARDO, A., & MARDONES, C. Environmentally extended social accounting matrix for Chile. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2013, 15(4):1099–1127.
GHOSH, A. Planning Programming and Input-output Models: Selected Papers on Indian Planning. Cambridge University Press, 1968.
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MARDONES, C., & MUÑOZ, T. Environmental taxation for reducing greenhouse gases emissions in Chile: an input–output analysis. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2017.
MARDONES, C. & SAAVEDRA, J. Matriz de contabilidad social extendida ambientalmente para análisis económico de la región del Biobío. Revista de Análisis Económico, 2011, 26-1:17-51.
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MI, Z., ZHENG, J., MENG, J., ZHENG, H., LI, X., COFFMAN, D., WOLTJER, J., WANG, S., GUAN, D. Carbon emissions of cities from a consumption-based perspective. Applied Energy, 2019, 235:509–518.
MILLER, R. Y BLAIR, P. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Cambridge University, 2009.
MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE. Reporte del inventario nacional de gases de efecto invernadero 2018.
MUÑOZ, T. & MARDONES, C. Simulation of a CO2e tax to mitigate impacts from Chilean agricultural and livestock sectors on climate change. Agrociencia, 2016, 50(3):271-285.
OCDE. Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2015, París, OECD Publishing, 2015.
RASMUSSEN, P. Studies in InterSectoral Relations. Copenhagen, Einar Harks, 1956.
RIVERA, N. & AROCA, P. Escalas de producción en economías mineras. El caso de Chile en su dimensión regional. Revista EURE, 2014, 40:247-270.
SCHÜCKING, H., KROLL, L., LOUVEL, Y., RICHTER, R. Bankrolling climate change: a look into the portfolios of the world's largest banks. Technical Report, 2011. Urgewald, GroundWork, Earthlife Africa Johannesburg, BankTrack, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
STONE, R. Input-Output and National Accounts, OCDE, Paris, 1961.
SZABO, H. Methods for regionalizing input-output tables. Regional Statistics, 2015, 5(1): 44–65.
WIEBE, K., HARSDORFF, M., MONTT, G., SIMAS, M., & WOOD, R. A global circular economy scenario in a multi-regional input-output framework. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(11):6362-6373.
WIEBE, K. & YAMANO, N. Estimating CO2 Emissions Embodied in Final Demand and Trade Using the OECD ICIO 2015: Methodology and Results. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2016.
XU, L., CHEN, G., WIEDMANN, T., WANG, Y., GESCHKE, A., & SHI, L. Supply-side carbon accounting and mitigation analysis for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 248:109243.
AROCA, P. & ATIENZA, M. Spatial concentration in Latin America and the role of institutions. Investigaciones Regionales, 2016, 36:233-253.
BANCO CENTRAL DE CHILE. Cuentas Nacionales de Chile, Compilación de Referencia 2013.
BUSTOS, B., LUKAS, M., STAMM, C. & TORRE, A. Neoliberalismo y gobernanza territorial: propuestas y reflexiones a partir del caso de Chile. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 2019, 73:161-183.
CADARSO, M., LÓPEZ, L., GÓMEZ, N., TOBARRA, M. International trade and shared environmental responsibility by sector. An application to the Spanish economy. Ecological Economics, 2012.
CANSINO, J., SÁNCHEZ-BRAZA, A., & RODRÍGUEZ-ARÉVALO, M. How can Chile move away from a high carbon economy?. Energy Economics, 2018, 69:350–366.
CHANDRAKUMAR, C., MCLAREN, S. J., MALIK, A., RAMILAN, T., & LENZEN, M. Understanding New Zealand’s consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions: an application of multi-regional input-output analysis. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2019.
CHANG, N. & LAHR, M. Changes in China’s production-source CO2 emissions: insights from structural decomposition analysis and linkage analysis. Economic Systems Research, 2016, 28(2).
CHEN, W., LEI, Y., FENG, K., WU, S., & LI, L. Provincial emission accounting for CO2 mitigation in China: Insights from production, consumption and income perspectives. Applied Energy, 2019, 255-113754.
CORSATEA T., LINDNER S., ARTO, I., ROMÁN, M., RUEDA-CANTUCHE J., VELÁZQUEZ AFONSO A., AMORES A., NEUWAHL F. World Input-Output Database Environmental Accounts, Update 2000-2016. European Union, Luxembourg, 2019, ISBN:978-92-76-02068-4.
DIETZENBACHER, E. & VAN DER LINDEN, J. Sectoral and spatial linkages in the EC production structure. Journal of Regional Science. 1997, 37:235-257.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2030 climate and energy goals for a competitive, secure and low-carbon EU economy. Brussels, 22 January 2014.
FUENTES, L. & PEZOA, M. Nuevas geografías urbanas en Santiago de Chile 1992-2012. Entre la implosión y la explosión de lo metropolitano. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 2018, 70:131-151.
GALLARDO, A., & MARDONES, C. Environmentally extended social accounting matrix for Chile. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2013, 15(4):1099–1127.
GHOSH, A. Planning Programming and Input-output Models: Selected Papers on Indian Planning. Cambridge University Press, 1968.
GUO, Y., CHEN, B., LI, J., YANG, Q., WU, Z., & TANG, X. The evolution of China’s provincial shared producer and consumer responsibilities for energy-related mercury emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019.
HADDAD, E., AROCA, P., ARANTES, S., DIAS, L., FERNANDES, R., LI, D., PIMENTA, B., ROCHA, A., SASS, K., USSAMI, K. Interregional Input-Output System for Chile, 2014, The University of São Paulo Regional and Urban Economics Lab (NEREUS), 2018.
HIRSCHMAN, A. The strategy of economic development. Yale University Press, 1958.
IDE-JETRO, WTO. Trade patterns and global value chains in East Asia: from trade in goods to trade in tasks. IDE-JETRO & World Trade Organization, 2011.
JACKSON, R., & MURRAY, A. Alternative Input-Output Matrix Updating Formulations. Economic Systems Research, 2004, 16(2):135–148.
KARAKAYA, E., YILMAZ, B., & ALATAŞ, S. How production-based and consumption-based emissions accounting systems change climate policy analysis: the case of CO2 convergence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019.
LARDÉ, J., CHAPARRO, E. & PARRA, C. El aporte del sector minero al desarrollo humano en Chile: el caso de la región de Antofagasta. CEPAL 2008, División de recursos naturales e infraestructura, Serie 130.
LENZEN, M., MURRAY, J. Conceptualising environmental responsibility. Ecological Economics, 2010, 70:261–270.
LEONTIEF, W. The structure of American economy, 1919-1929: an empirical application of equilibrium analysis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953.
MARDONES, C., & BAEZA, N. Economic and environmental effects of a CO2 tax in Latin American countries. Energy Policy, 2018, 114:262–273.
MARDONES, C., & MUÑOZ, T. Environmental taxation for reducing greenhouse gases emissions in Chile: an input–output analysis. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2017.
MARDONES, C. & SAAVEDRA, J. Matriz de contabilidad social extendida ambientalmente para análisis económico de la región del Biobío. Revista de Análisis Económico, 2011, 26-1:17-51.
MARQUES A, RODRIGUES J, LENZEN M, DOMINGOS T. Income-based environmental responsibility. Ecological Economics, 2012; 84:57–65.
MI, Z., ZHENG, J., MENG, J., ZHENG, H., LI, X., COFFMAN, D., WOLTJER, J., WANG, S., GUAN, D. Carbon emissions of cities from a consumption-based perspective. Applied Energy, 2019, 235:509–518.
MILLER, R. Y BLAIR, P. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Cambridge University, 2009.
MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE. Reporte del inventario nacional de gases de efecto invernadero 2018.
MUÑOZ, T. & MARDONES, C. Simulation of a CO2e tax to mitigate impacts from Chilean agricultural and livestock sectors on climate change. Agrociencia, 2016, 50(3):271-285.
OCDE. Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2015, París, OECD Publishing, 2015.
RASMUSSEN, P. Studies in InterSectoral Relations. Copenhagen, Einar Harks, 1956.
RIVERA, N. & AROCA, P. Escalas de producción en economías mineras. El caso de Chile en su dimensión regional. Revista EURE, 2014, 40:247-270.
SCHÜCKING, H., KROLL, L., LOUVEL, Y., RICHTER, R. Bankrolling climate change: a look into the portfolios of the world's largest banks. Technical Report, 2011. Urgewald, GroundWork, Earthlife Africa Johannesburg, BankTrack, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
STONE, R. Input-Output and National Accounts, OCDE, Paris, 1961.
SZABO, H. Methods for regionalizing input-output tables. Regional Statistics, 2015, 5(1): 44–65.
WIEBE, K., HARSDORFF, M., MONTT, G., SIMAS, M., & WOOD, R. A global circular economy scenario in a multi-regional input-output framework. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(11):6362-6373.
WIEBE, K. & YAMANO, N. Estimating CO2 Emissions Embodied in Final Demand and Trade Using the OECD ICIO 2015: Methodology and Results. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2016.
XU, L., CHEN, G., WIEDMANN, T., WANG, Y., GESCHKE, A., & SHI, L. Supply-side carbon accounting and mitigation analysis for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 248:109243.
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2022-09-13
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Acum Boassi, F. E., Lufin Varas, M. L., & Reyes Irigoyen, R. D. (2022). Responsabilidad ambiental regional y emisiones de CO2 asociadas al comercio interregional en Chile. Revista De Geografía Norte Grande, (82). Recuperado a partir de https://ojs.uc.cl/index.php/RGNG/article/view/18429
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