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Cuadernos.info
Las estrategias visuales de la lucha: trabajadoras de la limpieza y del hogar en las formas fílmicas híbridas de enfrentar lo real en España (2000-2020)
Elena Fraj Herranz
Mª Soliña Barreiro González
RESUMEN
Este artículo estudia los documentales críticos y activistas realizados en España en los últimos veinte años que abordan la situación de invisibilidad y explotación de las empleadas del hogar y camareras de hotel. En estas películas, los rasgos de las luchas laborales impregnan la factura fílmica. Estos documentales se caracterizan por el trabajo sobre la dialéctica invisibilidad-visibilidad ¬–propia de sus organizaciones sindicales– y por el uso de estrategias de traslación expresiva de las condiciones de trabajo al filme, que son concomitantes con sus formas de organizar la lucha: el relato coral, la creación colectiva y la inclusión de la cotidianeidad y de la familia. Estas producciones huyen de las miradas paternalistas habituales en las producciones cinematográficas comerciales. La muestra de seis películas traza un arco que revela el avance de la precariedad femenina desde el franquismo hasta hoy, destacando el aumento de producciones audiovisuales desde la irrupción de las movilizaciones colectivas de las camareras de hotel. Las piezas presentan una naturaleza híbrida propia del documental feminista, militante y de clase, confrontando los modos de representación, producción y distribución hegemónicos.
ABSTRACT
This article studies the critical and activist documentaries produced in Spain in the last twenty years that address the situation of invisibility and exploitation of domestic workers and hotel maids. In these films, the features of labor struggles permeate the filmic construction. These documentaries are characterized by the work on the dialectic invisibility-visibility –typical of their trade unions functioning– and by the use of expressive strategies to translate their working conditions to the film, concomitant with their ways of organizing the labor struggle: the choral account, the collective creation and the inclusion in film of their everyday life and families. These documentaries flee from the usual paternalistic view in commercial film productions. The sample of six films deploys an arc that reveals the advance of female precariousness from the Franco regime since nowadays, highlighting audiovisual productions increase since the irruption of the collective mobilizations of hotel maids. The films present a hybrid nature typical of the feminist, militant, and class documentary, confronting the hegemonic modes of representation, production, and distribution.
RESUMO
Este artigo estuda os documentários críticos e ativistas realizados nos últimos vinte anos na Espanha que abordam a situação de invisibilidade e explotação das empregadas domésticas e camareiras de hotel. Nesses filmes, os traços das lutas trabalhistas permeiam a feitura fílmica. Esses documentários se caracterizam pelo trabalho na dialética invisibilidade-visibilidade - típica de suas próprias organizações sindicais - e pelo uso de estratégias expressivas de tradução das condições de trabalho ao filme, concomitantes às suas formas de organização da luta: a história coral, a criação coletiva e inclusão do cotidiano e da família nas narrações. Essas produções fogem das visões paternalistas usuais nas produções de filmes comerciais. A amostra de seis filmes traça um arco que revela o avanço da precariedade feminina dendê o regime de Franco até os dias de hoje, destacando o aumento das produções audiovisuais desde a irrupção das mobilizações coletivas de camareiras de hotel. As peças apresentam um caráter híbrido típico do documentário feminista, militante e de classe, confrontando os modos hegemônicos de representação, produção e distribuição.
documental feminista
cine militante
video activista
cine colectivo
feminización del trabajo
explotación laboral
Feminist documentary
militant cinema
activist video
collective cinema
feminization of work
labor exploitation
Documentário feminista
cinema militante
vídeo ativista
cinema coletivo
feminização do trabalho
explotação trabalhista
2021-09-09T20:28:01-03:00
2021-09-09T20:28:11-03:00
2021-09-09T20:28:11-03:00
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