Thermo-hydraulic performance of zeolite-bentonite mixtures stabilized with Zostera marina biomass

Esra Guneri̇

doi:10.7764/RDLC.25.1.218

Authors

Esra Guneri̇ Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir (Türkiye)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.25.1.218

Keywords:

bentonite, hydraulic conductivity, seaweed, temperature, zeolite.

Abstract

Geotechnical engineering frequently encounters soils exhibiting insufficient mechanical strength or undesirable hydraulic properties, necessitating the implementation of soil improvement techniques. In the contemporary context of escalating global energy demands and rapid population growth, the selection of stabilization materials must rigorously prioritize sustainability, environmental compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the expansion of energy infrastructure, often involving near-surface heat transfer mechanisms, requires a comprehensive understanding of soil behavior under elevated thermal regimes. This study investigates the potential of dried Zostera marina (seaweed) biomass as a novel, sustainable, and low-cost alternative additive for soil stabilization. Historically recognized for its thermal insulation capabilities in cold climates, Zostera marina represents a readily available waste product of marine origin. The research focused on evaluating the thermo-hydraulic conductivity performance of mixtures formulated by incorporating Zostera marina into a base matrix of zeolite and bentonite. Hydraulic conductivity tests were systematically conducted under two distinct thermal conditions: ambient laboratory temperature (RT) and an elevated temperature of 40 °C, allowing for the isolation of additive and thermal influences on permeability. The experimental results demonstrate a critical dual behavior. At ambient temperature, the inclusion of Zostera marina effectively reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures. However, under the 40 °C thermal regime, a discernible increase in permeability was recorded, a finding consistent with established literature concerning the temperature-dependent hydro-mechanical response of organic-rich or clay-based matrices. These findings highlight the necessity of considering service temperature when developing sustainable stabilization techniques utilizing marine biomass additives.

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