Ciberanzuelo en el periodismo deportivo: la búsqueda de clics en tres sitios web portugueses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.51.27741Palabras clave:
análisis cualitativo, ciberanzuelo, periodismo deportivo, sensacionalismo, títulos, PortugalResumen
Los titulares periodísticos son elementos informativos cortos, pero complejos, fundamentales para captar la atención del público. En el contexto digital y de un periodismo en crisis, el intento de engañar al público para generar clics a partir de títulos falsos, conocido como ciberanzuelo, representa un peligro. En este artículo se analiza cualitativamente 31 titulares con marcas de ciberanzuelo, seleccionados después de una primera evaluación cuantitativa de 214 titulares provenientes de los tres medios de comunicación en línea sobre deportes más populares en Portugal, los periódicos A Bola, Record y O Jogo. En el corpus analizado, el ciberanzuelo juega con la curiosidad del lector a través de referencias solo inteligibles al leer las noticias, lo que reduce la dimensión informativa del título aislado. También se recurre a títulos con citas sin atribución (mediante texto o imagen) a los autores del discurso directo, a la manipulación de las declaraciones y a la ausencia de las citas destacadas en los titulares en el cuerpo de la noticia.
Descargas
Citas
Bazaco, A., Redondo, M., & Sánchez-García, P. (2019). Clickbait as a strategy of viral journalism: conceptualisation and methods. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74, 94-115. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1323en
Bird, S. E. (2009). Tabloidization: What is it, and does it really matter?. In B. Zelizer (Ed.), The changing faces of journalism: Tabloidization, technology and truthiness (pp. 40-50). Routledge.
Blom, J. N. & Hansen, K. R. (2015). Click bait: Forward-reference as lure in online news headlines. Journal of Pragmatics, 76, 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.11.010
Boczkowski, P. J. (2010). News at work: Imitation in an age of information abundance. The University of Chicago Press.
Boorstin, D. (1961). The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. Harper Colophon.
Boyle, R., Dinan, W., & Morrow, S. (2002). Doing the business? Newspaper reporting of the business of football. Journalism, 3(2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/146488490200300202
Boyle, R. (2017). Sports journalism: Changing journalism practice and digital media. Digital Journalism, 5(5), 493-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1281603
Charaudeau, P. (2005). Les médias et l’information: L’impossible transparence du discours (The media and information: The impossible transparency of discourse). De Boeck.
Chovanec, J. (2008). Focus on form: Foregrounding devices in football reporting. Discourse & Communication, 2(3), 219-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481308091908
Cleland, J. (2011). The media and football supporters: A changing relationship. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 299-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393866
Domingo, D. (2006). Inventing online journalism. Development of the Internet as a news medium in four Catalan online newsrooms (tese de Doutoramento, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). TDX. https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/4190#page=1
Dorvillé, C. (2002). Éthique sportive, éthique journalistique: une mise en questions (Sports ethics, journalistic ethics: a questioning). Les cahiers du journalisme, 11, 18-33. http://www.cahiersdujournalisme.net/pdf/11/01_Dorville.pdf
Eco, U. (1979). The role of the reader: Explorations in the semiotics of texts. Indiana University Press.
Eldridge, J. (1995). The Glasgow Media Group reader, volume I: News content, language and visuals. Routledge.
Emig, E. (1928). The connotation of newspaper headlines. Journalism Quarterly, 4(4), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769902800400415
Fidalgo, J. (2008). O jornalista em construção (The journalist under construction). Porto Editora.
Fontcuberta, M. (1999). A notícia: Pistas para compreender o mundo (The news: Clues for understanding the world). Editorial Notícias.
Freedman, D. (2018). Populism and media policy failure. European Journal of Communication, 33(6), 604-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118790156
García Orosa, B., Gallur Santorun, S., & López García, X. (2017). Use of clickbait in the online news media of the 28 EU member countries. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 72, 1261-1277. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2017-1218en
Gutiérrez-Martín, A., Torrego-González, A., & Vicente-Mariño, M. (2019). Media education with the monetization of YouTube: the loss of truth as an exchange value. Cultura y Educación, 31(2), 267-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/11356405.2019.1597443
Helland, K. (2007). Changing sports, changing media: Mass appeal, the sports/media complex and tv sports rights. Nordicom Review, Jubilee Issue, 105-119. https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/248_248_helland1.pdf
Jenkins, H., Ford, S., & Green, J. (2013). Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture. New York University Press.
Knoppers, A. & Elling, A. (2004). 'We do not engage in promotional journalism': Discursive strategies used by sport journalists to describe the selection process. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 39(1), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690204040523
Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE Publications. Kroon, Å. & Eriksson, G. (2019). The impact of the digital transformation on sports journalism talk online, Journalism Practice, 13(7), 834-852, https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1577695
Kuiken, J., Schuth, A., Spitters, M., & Marx, M. (2017). Effective headlines of newspaper articles in a digital environment. Digital Journalism, 5(10), 1300-1314. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1279978
Marca. (08 de maio de 2018). El lapsus del Sevilla que dispara los rumores sobre el fichaje de Falcao. https://co.marca.com/claro/futbol/colombianos-mundo/2018/05/08/5af1d29dca474180658b45ec.html
Mesquita, M. (2005). Teorias e práticas do jornalismo: Da era do telégrafo ao tempo do hipertexto (Theories and practices of journalism: From the age of the telegraph to the time of hypertext). Intercom – Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação, 28(2), 11-41. http://www.portcom.intercom.org.br/revistas/index.php/revistaintercom/article/view/381
Moura, P. & Ribeiro, F. (22-23 de novembro, 2018). Níveis de clickbait nas homepages dos média em Portugal: entre a procura de atenção e a confusão (Clickbait levels on media homepages in Portugal: between attention seeking and confusion) (apresentação em conferência). VI OnCiber, Porto, Portugal.
Neveu, E. (2005). Sociologia do jornalismo (Sociology of journalism). Porto Editora.
O Jogo. (09 de maio de 2018). Falcao foi jogador do Sevilha durante alguns minutos. https://www.ojogo.pt/internacional/noticias/falcao-assinou-pelo-sevilha-durante-unsminutos-9322142.html
Pavlik, J. V. (2001). Journalism and new media. Columbia University Press.
Peña, S., Lazkano-Arrillaga, I., & García, D. (2016). European newspapers’ digital transition: new products and new audiences. Comunicar, 46, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-03
Perreault, G. & Bell, T. R. (2020). Towards a “digital” sports journalism: Field theory, changing boundaries and evolving technologies. Communication & Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479520979958
Priberam. (s.d.). Reticências. Em Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (Priberam Dictionary of the Portuguese Language). Retirado a 19 de outubro de 2020, de https://dicionario.priberam.org/reticencias
Richmond, S. (2008). How SEO is changing journalism. British Journalism Review, 19(4), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956474808100865
Rowe, D. (2007). Sports journalism: Still the ‘toy department’ of the news media? Journalism, 8(4), 385-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884907078657
Santos, L. A. (2012). Journalism in transition: a study of change at Jornal de Notícias' online newsroom (tese de Doutoramento, Universidade do Minho). RepositoriUM. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/19746
Scacco, J. M. & Muddiman, A. (2016). Investigating the influence of “clickbait” news headlines. Engaging News Project Report. https://mediaengagement.org/research/clickbait-headlines/
Schultz, I. (2007). The journalistic gut feeling. Journalistic doxa, news habitus and orthodox news values. Journalism Practice, 1(2), 190-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512780701275507
Siles, I. & Boczkowski, J. P. (2012). Making sense of the newspaper crisis: A critical assessment of existing research and an agenda for future work. New Media & Society, 14(8), 1375-1394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812455148
Smith, E. J. & Fowler, G. L. (1982). How comprehensible are newspaper headlines? Journalism Quarterly, 59(2), 305-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908205900219
Smith, E. J. (1999). Leadlines may be better than traditional headlines. Newspaper Research Journal, 20(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953299902000105
Splichal, S. (2002). Rethinking publicness: The precedence of the right to communicate. Javnost – The Public, 9(3), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2002.11008808
Splichal, S. (2009). ‘New’ media, ‘old’ theories does the (national) public melt into the air of global governance? European Journal of Communication, 24(4), 391-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323109345522
Steensen, S. (2009). Online feature journalism: A clash of discourses. Journalism Practice, 3(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512780802560716
Tannenbaum, P. H. (1953). The effect of headlines on the interpretation of news stories. Journalism Quarterly, 30(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769905303000206
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Pedro Moura, Fábio Ribeiro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
