Búsqueda, escaneo y evitación de información sobre COVID-19 en Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.53.47775Palabras clave:
información de salud, abuso de medios, comunicación de riesgos, encuesta, análisis cuantitativo, pandemia de coronavirusResumen
La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha traído consigo una avalancha informativa, por lo que resulta clave comprender cómo se están informando las personas en este contexto. Este estudio busca conocer los patrones de búsqueda informativa, escaneo o exposición incidental y evitación de contenidos sobre coronavirus en Chile, e identificar las características individuales que explican las tres conductas informativas. Se realizó una encuesta a 3592 personas que combinó aplicación en línea (n=1891) y telefónica (n=1701) entre septiembre y noviembre de 2020. El análisis de datos incluyó descriptivos y modelos multivariados de regresión. Se encontró que el escaneo era más prevalente que la búsqueda. La fuente preferida de escaneo fue la televisión y la de búsqueda, los medios digitales. La edad se asoció negativamente con escaneo y búsqueda y positivamente con evitación. Las mujeres buscaron menos que los hombres y evitaron en mayor medida. Las personas con menor nivel educacional escanearon y buscaron en menor grado y evitaron más que aquellas con mayor escolaridad. Este trabajo muestra importantes brechas de acceso a información acerca de la pandemia por edad, género y nivel educacional en Chile. Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de realizar esfuerzos específicos para llegar a los segmentos menos motivados en acceder a estos contenidos y destacan la centralidad de la televisión para alcanzar a los usuarios que hacen menos esfuerzos activos.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Macarena Peña y Lillo, Pablo Guzmán
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