The use of wood residues to produce energy and steam in the pulp
and paper industry generates ash waste and sewage sludge that contain nutrients for plants
as a potential fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects
of pelletized waste from the pulp and paper industry using bioindicators. Two controlled
experiments were conducted with radish seeds and perennial ryegrass seeds: an experiment
to determine the germination index and root growth in soil extracts incubated with pelletized
waste, and a pot experiment with ryegrass seeds sown in an amended Alfisol with pelletized
wastes in which aerial and root biomass production was determined. The results indicate that
the Alfisol amended with pelletized waste did not exhibit any acute or sub-acute toxic effects
in radish germination. None of the evaluated pellets showed evidence of deterioration in root
elongation, including at a 40 Mg ha-1 dose. The highest root growth was with pellet 2, with
ash and sludge at the 40 Mg ha-1 dose, which was higher than that in the control treatment
(p<0.05). Seed germination was between 93.9% and 100%. The highest ryegrass aerial biomass
occurred with pellets 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Pelletized waste from the paper industry exhibited
neither mild nor acute effects of toxicity in both radish seed germination and aerial and root
biomass production of ryegrass sown in degraded soil.