Volverse árbol, reconstruir la memoria: redes bioculturales en los bosques de pewen (Araucaria araucana) del sur de los Andes
Palabras clave:
enfoque relacional, simpoiesis, humanos-árboles, entidades biológicas, tejidos sociales, montañaResumen
Las relaciones entre la gente y los árboles se construyen y reconstruyen continuamente en sistemas socioecológicos situados. En los estudios sobre sistemas socioecológicos vinculados con árboles, comúnmente encontramos dos enfoques: el primero se centra en ‘entidades biológicas’, examinando la dinámica ecológica de las especies de árboles y la biodiversidad asociada. El segundo enfoque se centra en las personas, analizando la ‘agencia humana’ junto con las fuerzas políticas, históricas y contemporáneas que dan forma, estimulan o dañan a las relaciones humano-árbol. En este trabajo, exploramos críticamente los sistemas socioecológicos asociados al pewen (Araucaria araucana), uno de los árboles más icónicos y sagrados del sur de los Andes. Primero describimos algunos de nuestros hallazgos de investigación sobre el pewen para los dos enfoques descritos anteriormente. Luego, desarrollamos una tercera perspectiva, que llamamos ‘relacional’, la cual destaca las relaciones bioculturales, superando las dicotomías ‘ecológica/sociocultural’ e ‘entidad biológica/agencia humana’. Nuestro enfoque relacional permite indagar en cómo los actores (árboles y semillas, fauna silvestre y gente) interactúan en redes bioculturales complejas y simpoiéticas, identificando a la memoria biocultural del sistema como un conjunto de relaciones dinámicas y cotidianas, que se construyen y reconstruyen continuamente en sistemas abiertos y sujetos a impulsores de cambio históricos y contemporáneos.
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