Fact-checkers iberoamericanos en Instagram: análisis de los posts con mayor interacción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.55.58031Palabras clave:
Instagram, Interacción, engagement, fact-checking, IberoaméricaResumen
Las redes sociales son una de las herramientas más utilizadas por las entidades de fact-checking para difundir sus verificaciones. Aunque Instagram ha cobrado protagonismo y relevancia en los últimos años, no es el caso de los estudios sobre la actividad de los verificadores en esta red. En esta investigación se busca caracterizar la actividad de los fact-checkers iberoamericanos en Instagram considerando los contenidos que han generado una mayor ratio de interacción. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de carácter cuantitativo de los posteos con mayor interacción publicados durante el año 2021 por los fact-checkers pertenecientes a la International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN), con una muestra resultante de 301 publicaciones. Los resultados muestran que el conjunto de los verificadores mantuvo una frecuencia de publicación bastante estable a lo largo del año; considerando la intencionalidad de los posteos, se observa que publicaron principalmente verificaciones (72,8%) y, de acuerdo con la temática, contenidos de tipo político (39,5%). Respecto del tema, las publicaciones sobre racismo son las que obtienen una mejor ratio de interacción (12%) mientras que, en cuanto al formato, el álbum alcanza una ratio sustancialmente superior a las imágenes o vídeos.
Citas
Amazeen, M. A. (2017). Journalistic interventions: The structural factors affecting the global emergence of fact-checking. Journalism, 21(1), 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917730217
Andersen, J. & Søe, S. O. (2020). Communicative actions we live by: The problem with factchecking, tagging or flagging fake news – the case of Facebook. European Journal of Communication, 35(2), 126-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323119894489
Carlson, M. (2020). Journalistic epistemology and digital news circulation: Infrastructure, circulation practices, and epistemic contests. New Media & Society, 22(2), 230-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819856921
Cotter, K. (2019). Playing the visibility game: How digital influencers and algorithms negotiate influence on Instagram. New Media & Society, 21(4), 895-913. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818815684
Dafonte-Gómez, A., Míguez-González, M.-I., & Martínez-Rolán, X. (2022a). Los factcheckers iberoamericanos frente a la COVID-19. Análisis de actividad en Facebook (The Ibero-American fact-checkers facing the COVID-19. Analysis of activity on Facebook). Observatorio (OBS*), 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS16120221823
Dafonte-Gómez, A., Míguez-González, M.-I., & Ramahí-García, D. (2022b). Fact-checkers on social networks: analysis of their presence and content distribution channels. Communication & Society, 35(3), 3. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.35.3.73-89
Diakopoulos, N. (2020). Computational News Discovery: Towards Design Considerations for Editorial Orientation Algorithms in Journalism. Digital Journalism, 8(7), 945-967. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1736946
Elizabeth, J. (2014, May 20). Who are you calling a fact checker? American Press Institute. https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/fact-checking-project/fact-checker-definition/
Eulenstein, M. (2021, October 27). Expanding Sharing Links in Stories to Everyone. Instagram Blog. https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/expanding-sharinglinks-in-stories-to-everyone
García-Marín, D. & Salvat-Martinrey, G. (2022). Viralizar la verdad. Factores predictivos del engagement en el contenido verificado en TikTok (Viralizing the truth: Predictive factors of fact-checkers’ engagement on TikTok). Profesional De La Informacion, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.mar.10
García-Perdomo, V., Salaverría, R., Kilgo, D. K., & Harlow, S. (2018). To Share or Not to Share: The influence of news values and topics on popular social media content in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. Journalism Studies, 19(8), 1180-1201. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1265896
Garrett, R. K. & Poulsen, S. (2019). Flagging Facebook Falsehoods: Self-Identified Humor Warnings Outperform Fact Checker and Peer Warnings. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 24(5), 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmz012
Gillespie, T. (2017). Algorithmically recognizable: Santorum’s Google problem, and Google’s Santorum problem. Information, Communication & Society, 20(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1199721
Golob, L. (2022, March 22). Instagram executive suggests hashtags don’t affect reach. Hootsuite. https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-updates/instagram/hashtags-dont-affect-reach/
Graves, L. & Cherubini, F. (2016). The Rise of Fact-Checking Sites in Europe. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/risefact-checking-sites-europe
Haigh, M., Haigh, T. & Kozak, N. I. (2018). Stopping Fake News: The work practices of peerto-peer counter propaganda. Journalism Studies, 19(14), 2062-2087. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1316681
Hermida, A. & Mellado, C. (2020). Dimensions of Social Media Logics: Mapping Forms of Journalistic Norms and Practices on Twitter and Instagram. Digital Journalism, 8(7), 864-884. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1805779
Herrero, E. & Herrera-Damas, S. (2021). El fact-checking hispanohablante: competencias, dificultades y propuestas de mejora desde la perspectiva de sus profesionales (Spanishspeaking fact-checking: Competences, difficulties, and potential improvements from factcheckers’ perspective). Profesional De La Informacion, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.nov.12
Hutchinson, J. & Dwyer, T. (2022). How Instagram and YouTube users share news: Algorithms, monetization and visibility on social media. In The Dynamics of Influencer Marketing: A Multidisciplinary Approach (pp. 123-142). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003134176-8
Larsson, A. O. (2018). The News User on Social Media: A comparative study of interacting with media organizations on Facebook and Instagram. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2225-2242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1332957
Lawrence, R. G., Radcliffe, D., & Schmidt, T. R. (2018). Practicing Engagement. Participatory journalism in the Web 2.0 era. Journalism Practice, 12(10), 1220-1240. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1391712
Magallón Rosa, R. (2018). Nuevos formatos de verificación. El caso de Maldito Bulo en Twitter (New verification formats. The case of Maldito Bulo on Twitter). Sphera Publica, 1(18), 41-65. https://sphera.ucam.edu/index.php/sphera-01/article/view/341
Manovich, L. (2017). Instagram and Contemporary Image. http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/instagram-and-contemporary-image
Margolin, D. B., Hannak, A., & Weber, I. (2018). Political Fact-Checking on Twitter: When Do Corrections Have an Effect? Political Communication, 35(2), 196-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1334018
Mesquita, L. & de-Lima-Santos, M.-F. (2021). Collaborative Journalism from a Latin American Perspective: An Empirical Analysis. Journalism and Media, 2(4), 545-571. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2040033
Míguez-González, M. I. & Dafonte-Gómez, A. (2022). La labor de verificación de los factcheckers iberoamericanos en Facebook: Análisis de las temáticas de la desinformación (The verification work of Ibero-American fact-checkers on Facebook: Analysis of disinformation topics). In VIII Congreso Internacional de la AE-IC ‘Comunicación y Ciudad Conectada’ (VIII International Congress of the AE-IC 'Communication and Connected City'), (pp. 2053-2072).
Asociación Española de Investigación de la Comunicación. http://hdl.handle.net/11093/4527
Míguez-González, M.-I., Martínez-Rolán, X., & García-Mirón, S. (2023). From disinformation to fact-checking: How Ibero-American fact-checkers on Twitter combat fake news. Profesional De La información, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.ene.10
Moreno Gil, V., Ramon Vegas, X., & Rodríguez Martínez, R. (2021). Fact-Checking Interventions as Counteroffensives to Disinformation Growth: Standards, Values, and Practices in Latin America and Spain. Media and Communication, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3443
Mosseri, A. (2021, June 8). Shedding More Light on How Instagram Works. Instagram Blog. https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/shedding-more-light-on-howinstagram-works
Nahon, K., Hemsley, J., Walker, S., & Hussain, M. (2011). Fifteen Minutes of Fame: The Power of Blogs in the Lifecycle of Viral Political Information. Policy & Internet, 3(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1108
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Levy, D. A. L., Nielsen, R. K., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2018). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. http://media.digitalnewsreport.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/digital-newsreport-2018.pdf
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Robertson, C. T., Eddy, K., & Nielsen, R. K. (2022). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2022. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022
Nyhan, B. & Reifler, J. (2015). The Effect of Fact-Checking on Elites: A Field Experiment on U.S. State Legislators. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 628-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12162
O’Meara, V. (2019). Weapons of the Chic: Instagram Influencer Engagement Pods as Practices of Resistance to Instagram Platform Labor. Social Media + Society, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119879671
Palau-Sampio, D. (2018). Fact-checking and scrutiny of power: Supervision of public discourses in new media platforms from Latin America. Communication & Society, 31(3), 347-363. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.31.3.347-363
Palomo, B. & Sedano, J. (2018). WhatsApp como herramienta de verificación de fake news. El caso de B de Bulo (WhatsApp as a verification tool for fake news. The case of ‘B de Bulo’). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73, 1384-1397. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1312
Petre, C., Duffy, B. E., & Hund, E. (2019). “Gaming the System”: Platform Paternalism and the Politics of Algorithmic Visibility. Social Media + Society, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119879995
Ramahí-García, D., García-Crespo, O., & Dafonte-Gómez, A. (2021). Los formatos audiovisuales en la verificación de datos. Análisis de la actividad de los fact-checkers en YouTube (2009-2020) (Audiovisual formats in fact-checking. Analysis of fact-checking activity on YouTube (2009-2020)). AdComunica, (22), 73-96. https://doi.org/10.6035/2174-0992.2021.22.6
Robertson, C. T., Mourão, R. R., & Thorson, E. (2020). Who Uses Fact-Checking Sites? The Impact of Demographics, Political Antecedents, and Media Use on Fact-Checking Site Awareness, Attitudes, and Behavior. International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(2), 217-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219898055
Saldaña, M. & Waisbord, S. (2021). Investigative journalism in Latin America today. In H. de Burgh & P. Lashmar (Eds.), Investigative Journalism (3d ed) (pp. 230-242). Routledge.
Sánchez-González, S., Sánchez-Gonzales, H. M., & Martos-Moreno, J. (2022). Innovación editorial en redes sociales de los verificadores hispanos de la #CoronavirusFactCheck Alliance: contenidos y visión de sus responsables (Editorial innovation on social networks of the #CoronavirusFactCheck Alliance Hispanic verifiers: Contents and vision of those responsible). Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, (80), 135-161. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2022-1535
Ufarte-Ruiz, M. R., Anzera, G., & Murcia-Verdu, F. J. (2020). Plataformas independientes de fact-checking en España e Italia. Características, organización y método (Independent fact-checking platforms in Spain and Italy. Features, organisation and method). Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion, 11(2), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM2020.11.2.3
Walter, N., Cohen, J., Holbert, R. L., & Morag, Y. (2020). Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom. Political Communication, 37(3), 350-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2019.1668894
Warren, C. (2013, June 20). Instagram Adds Video. Mashable. https://mashable.com/archive/instagram-video
We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2022). Digital 2022. October Global Overview Report. https://www. slideshare.net/DataReportal/digital-2022-global-overview-report-january-2022-v05
Welbers, K. & Opgenhaffen, M. (2019). Presenting News on Social Media. Media logic in the communication style of newspapers on Facebook. Digital Journalism, 7(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1493939
Young, D. G., Jamieson, K. H., Poulsen, S., & Goldring, A. (2018). Fact-Checking Effectiveness as a Function of Format and Tone: Evaluating FactCheck.org and FlackCheck.org. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(1), 49-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017710453
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Cuadernos.info
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
