ASSY-I Screening: A Suicidality Scale for Argentinean Young Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2021.28249Palabras clave:
riesgo suicida – ideación suicida – adolescentes escolarizados – psicometríaResumen
This study aimed at deepening into the internal structure's analysis of the Argentinean Scale of Suicidality, Youth version—ASSY-I Screening—. The 6-factor model obtained in a previous exploratory factor study was tested via confirmatory factor analysis, and further compared with an alternative second-order model. The factorial invariance was examined using the self-perceived gender as a splitting variable. The factors' internal consistency was analysed in the whole sample and in two subsamples comprising exclusively men and women. The scores' stability-reliability was examined using a test-retest analysis. The sample was composed of 632 students with ages between 13 and 21 years old (M = 17.88, SD = 2.16; 64.08% women, 35.92% men). Results showed evidence favouring the robustness of the ASSY-I model as well as the likelihood of generalising it across groups in the local population of young students. Findings are discussed regarding further uses of the scale in the professional field.
Citas
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American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf
Anestis, M. D., Bagg, C. L., Tull M. T., & Joiner, T. E. (2011).Clarifying the role of emotion dysregulation in the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior in an undergraduate sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.013.
Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Beck, A. T., Schuyler, D., & Herman, I. (1974). Development of Suicidal Intent Scales. En A.T. Beck, H. L., Resnick, & D. J. Lettieri (Eds.), The prediction of suicide (pp. 45-56). Charles Press.
Brown, T. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press.
Casullo, M. M., Bonaldi, P. D., & Fernández Liporace, M. (2006). Comportamientos suicidas en la adolescencia: Morir antes de la muerte. Lugar Editorial.
Chatard, A., Selimbegovi, L., & Konan, P. N. D. (2009). Self-esteem and suicide rates in 55 nations. European Journal of Personality, 23, 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.701
Chu, C., Walker, K. L., Stanley, I. H., Hirsch, J. K., Greenberg, J. H., Rudd, M. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Perceived problem-solving deficits and suicidal ideation: evidence for the explanatory roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in five samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000152.
Coulacoglou, C., & Saklofske, D. (2017). Psychometrics and psychological assessment. Principles and applications. Academic Press.
Desuque, D., Vargas Rubilar, J., & Lemos, V. (2011). Análisis psicométrico del cuestionario de creencias actitudinales sobre el comportamiento suicida en población adolescente en entre ríos, Argentina. Liberabit, 17(2), 187-198. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S1729-48272011000200008&script=sci_abstract
Federación de Psicólogos de la República Argentina. (2013). Código de Ética de la Fe.P.R.A. http://fepra.org.ar/docs/acerca_fepra/codigo_de_etica_ nacional_2013.pdf
Fernández Liporace, M. M., & Casullo, M. M. (2006). Validación factorial de una escala para evaluar riesgo suicida. Revista Iberoamericana de Evaluación Psicológica, 21 (1), 9-22. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4596/459645448002.pdf
Galarza, A. L. (2019). Construcción y Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala Argentina de Suicidalidad para Adolescentes I EASA-I Screening. [Unpublished master thesis]. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Galarza, A. L., Castañeiras, C., Fernández Liporace, M., & Freiberg-Hoffman, A. (2019). Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del inventario de Orientaciones Suicidas ISO-30 en adolescentes marplatense. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación, 2(51), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP51.2.10
Gautam, A. (2016). Problem Solving style, perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation among college students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(3), 6-13. https://doi.org/18.01.172/20160303.
Gooding, P., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Shaw, J., Awenat, Y., Ulph, F., & Pratt, D. (2015). The moderating effects of coping and self-esteem on the relationship between defeat, entrapment and suicidality in a sample of prisoners at high risk of suicide. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 988-994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.002.
Hancock, G., & Mueller, R. (2013). Structural equation modeling. IAP.
Hawton, K. (December, 2017). Suicide risk assessment. Moving from the impossible to suicide prevention. Annual Meeting Psychiatry for General Practitioners Study Days. Center of Suicide Research. University of Oxford. UK.
Hoyle, R. (2012). Handbook of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second edition). www.InTestCom.org.
Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Harvard University.
Joiner, T. E., Van Orden, K., A., Witte, T. K., Selby, E. A., Ribeiro, J., Lewis, R., & Rudd, M. D. (2009). Main predictions of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior: Empirical tests in two samples of young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 634-646. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016500.
Khazem, L. R., & Anestis, M. D. (2016). Thinking or doing? An examination of well-established suicide correlates within the ideation-to-action framework. Psychiatry Research, 245, 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.038.
King, J. D., & Kowalchuk, B. (1994). ISO-30.Adolescent Inventory of Suicide Orientation–30. National Computer Systems.
Kleiman, E. M., Law, K. C., & Anestis. M. D. (2014). Do theories of suicide play well together? Integrating components of the hopelessness and interpersonal psychological theories of suicide. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.015.
Kline, R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
Klonsky, D., & May, A. M. (2014). Differentiating Suicide Attempters from Suicide Ideators: A Critical Frontier for Suicidology Research. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12068
Klonsky, D., & May, A. M. (2015). The Three-Step Theory (3ST): A New Theory of Suicide Rooted in the “Ideation-to-Action” Framework. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8(2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114
Klonsky, D., Saffer, B. I., & Bryan, C. J. (2018). Ideation-to-Action Theories of Suicide: A Conceptual and Empirical Update. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.020
Ma, J. Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Han, J. (2016). A systematic review of the predictions of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.008
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Merino, C. & Lautenschlager, G. J. (2003). Comparación estadística de la confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach: aplicaciones en la medición educacional y psicológica. Revista de Psicología de la Universidad de Chile, 12(2), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2003.17668
Mikolajczak, M., Petrides, K. V., & Hurry, J. (2009). Adolescents choosing self-harm as an emotion regulation strategy: the protective role of trait emotional intelligence. The British Journal of Clinical, 48(Pt 2), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466508X386027
Multivariate Software (2012). EQS (6.2). http://www.mvsoft.com/eqsdownload.htm
Neuringer, C. (1961). Dichotomous evaluations in suicidal individuals. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25,445-449. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046460.
Nock, M. K., Wedig, M. M., Janis, I. B., & Deliberto, T. L. (2008). Self-injurious thoguhts and behaviors. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.) A guide to assessment that works. Oxford University Press.
O’Connor, R. C. (2011). The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Crisis, 32(6), 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000120.
O’Connor, R. C., & Nock, (2014). The psychology of suicide behavior. Lancet Psychiatry, 1, 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70222-6.
O’Keefe V. M., & Wingate, L. R. (2013). The role of hope and optimism in suicide risk for American Indians/Alaska Natives. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 43(6), 621-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12044.
Opperman, K., Czyz, E. K., Gipson, P. I., & King, C. (2015). Connectedness and Perceived Burdensomeness among Adolescents at Elevated Suicide Risk: An Examination of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behavior. Archives of Suicide Research, 19(3), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2014.957451.
Orbach, I., Milstein, I., Har-Even, D., Apter, A., Tiano, S., & Elizur, A. (1991). Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for Adolescents. Journal of Psychological Assessment, 3(3), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.398.
Pisani, A., Wyman, P., Petrova, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Goldston, D., Xia, Y., & Gould, M. S. (2013). Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Youth–Adult Relationships, and Suicide Attempts Among High School Students in Underserved Communities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(6), 807-820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9884-2
Posner, K. (2016). Evidence-Based Assessment to improve assessment of suicide risk, ideation, and behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10), S95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.051
Quiñones, V., Jurska, J., Fener, E., & Miranda, R. (2015). Active and passive problem solving: Moderating role in the relation between depressive symptoms and future suicidal ideation varies by suicide attempt history. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71, 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22155.
Rial Boubeta, A., Varela Mallou, J., Abalo Piñeiro, J., & Lévy Mangin, J. P. (2006). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. En: J.P. Lévy Mangin & J. Varela Mallou (Eds.), Modelización con estructuras de covacianzas en ciencias sociales (pp. 119-154). Netbiblo.
Rudd, M. D. (2008). Teoría de la vulnerabilidad fluida: Un enfoque cognitivo para entender el proceso suicida agudo y crónico. En T. E. Ellis (Ed.), Cognición y Suicidio. Teoría, investigación y terapia. Manual Moderno.
Ruiz Hernández, J. A., Navarro-Ruiz, J. M., Torrente Hernández, G., & Rodríguez González, A. (2005). Construcción de un cuestionario de creencias actitudinales sobre el comportamiento suicida: el CCCS-18. Psicothema, 17(4), 684-690. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/3166.pdf
Runeson, B., Odeberg, J., Pettersson, A., Edbom, T., Jildevik-Adamsson, I., & Waern, M. (2017). Instruments for the assessment of suicide risk: A systematic review evaluating the certainty of the evidence. PLoS ONE, 12(7)Article. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180292.
Shneidman, E. S., & Farberow, N. L. (1957). Some comparisons between genuine and simulated suicide notes. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 56, 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1957.9920335.
Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Hill, R. M., Slish, M. L., Bagge, C. L., Joiner Jr., T. E., & Wingate, L. R. (2017). Empirical Extension of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: Investigating the Role of Interpersonal Hopelessness. Psychiatry Research, 259, 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.005.
Van Orden, A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S., Selby, E. A., Joiner Jr.,T. E. (2010). The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697.
World Health Organization. (2019). Public health action for the prevention of suicide. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75166/1/9789241503570_eng.pdf
World Medical Association-WSA. (2017). Declaration of Helsinki. https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf
Anestis, M. D., Bagg, C. L., Tull M. T., & Joiner, T. E. (2011).Clarifying the role of emotion dysregulation in the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior in an undergraduate sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.013.
Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Beck, A. T., Schuyler, D., & Herman, I. (1974). Development of Suicidal Intent Scales. En A.T. Beck, H. L., Resnick, & D. J. Lettieri (Eds.), The prediction of suicide (pp. 45-56). Charles Press.
Brown, T. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press.
Casullo, M. M., Bonaldi, P. D., & Fernández Liporace, M. (2006). Comportamientos suicidas en la adolescencia: Morir antes de la muerte. Lugar Editorial.
Chatard, A., Selimbegovi, L., & Konan, P. N. D. (2009). Self-esteem and suicide rates in 55 nations. European Journal of Personality, 23, 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.701
Chu, C., Walker, K. L., Stanley, I. H., Hirsch, J. K., Greenberg, J. H., Rudd, M. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Perceived problem-solving deficits and suicidal ideation: evidence for the explanatory roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in five samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000152.
Coulacoglou, C., & Saklofske, D. (2017). Psychometrics and psychological assessment. Principles and applications. Academic Press.
Desuque, D., Vargas Rubilar, J., & Lemos, V. (2011). Análisis psicométrico del cuestionario de creencias actitudinales sobre el comportamiento suicida en población adolescente en entre ríos, Argentina. Liberabit, 17(2), 187-198. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S1729-48272011000200008&script=sci_abstract
Federación de Psicólogos de la República Argentina. (2013). Código de Ética de la Fe.P.R.A. http://fepra.org.ar/docs/acerca_fepra/codigo_de_etica_ nacional_2013.pdf
Fernández Liporace, M. M., & Casullo, M. M. (2006). Validación factorial de una escala para evaluar riesgo suicida. Revista Iberoamericana de Evaluación Psicológica, 21 (1), 9-22. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4596/459645448002.pdf
Galarza, A. L. (2019). Construcción y Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala Argentina de Suicidalidad para Adolescentes I EASA-I Screening. [Unpublished master thesis]. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Galarza, A. L., Castañeiras, C., Fernández Liporace, M., & Freiberg-Hoffman, A. (2019). Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del inventario de Orientaciones Suicidas ISO-30 en adolescentes marplatense. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación, 2(51), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP51.2.10
Gautam, A. (2016). Problem Solving style, perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation among college students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(3), 6-13. https://doi.org/18.01.172/20160303.
Gooding, P., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Shaw, J., Awenat, Y., Ulph, F., & Pratt, D. (2015). The moderating effects of coping and self-esteem on the relationship between defeat, entrapment and suicidality in a sample of prisoners at high risk of suicide. European Psychiatry, 30(8), 988-994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.002.
Hancock, G., & Mueller, R. (2013). Structural equation modeling. IAP.
Hawton, K. (December, 2017). Suicide risk assessment. Moving from the impossible to suicide prevention. Annual Meeting Psychiatry for General Practitioners Study Days. Center of Suicide Research. University of Oxford. UK.
Hoyle, R. (2012). Handbook of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second edition). www.InTestCom.org.
Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Harvard University.
Joiner, T. E., Van Orden, K., A., Witte, T. K., Selby, E. A., Ribeiro, J., Lewis, R., & Rudd, M. D. (2009). Main predictions of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior: Empirical tests in two samples of young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 634-646. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016500.
Khazem, L. R., & Anestis, M. D. (2016). Thinking or doing? An examination of well-established suicide correlates within the ideation-to-action framework. Psychiatry Research, 245, 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.038.
King, J. D., & Kowalchuk, B. (1994). ISO-30.Adolescent Inventory of Suicide Orientation–30. National Computer Systems.
Kleiman, E. M., Law, K. C., & Anestis. M. D. (2014). Do theories of suicide play well together? Integrating components of the hopelessness and interpersonal psychological theories of suicide. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.015.
Kline, R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
Klonsky, D., & May, A. M. (2014). Differentiating Suicide Attempters from Suicide Ideators: A Critical Frontier for Suicidology Research. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12068
Klonsky, D., & May, A. M. (2015). The Three-Step Theory (3ST): A New Theory of Suicide Rooted in the “Ideation-to-Action” Framework. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8(2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114
Klonsky, D., Saffer, B. I., & Bryan, C. J. (2018). Ideation-to-Action Theories of Suicide: A Conceptual and Empirical Update. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.020
Ma, J. Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Han, J. (2016). A systematic review of the predictions of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.008
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Merino, C. & Lautenschlager, G. J. (2003). Comparación estadística de la confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach: aplicaciones en la medición educacional y psicológica. Revista de Psicología de la Universidad de Chile, 12(2), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2003.17668
Mikolajczak, M., Petrides, K. V., & Hurry, J. (2009). Adolescents choosing self-harm as an emotion regulation strategy: the protective role of trait emotional intelligence. The British Journal of Clinical, 48(Pt 2), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466508X386027
Multivariate Software (2012). EQS (6.2). http://www.mvsoft.com/eqsdownload.htm
Neuringer, C. (1961). Dichotomous evaluations in suicidal individuals. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25,445-449. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046460.
Nock, M. K., Wedig, M. M., Janis, I. B., & Deliberto, T. L. (2008). Self-injurious thoguhts and behaviors. In J. Hunsley & E. J. Mash (Eds.) A guide to assessment that works. Oxford University Press.
O’Connor, R. C. (2011). The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Crisis, 32(6), 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000120.
O’Connor, R. C., & Nock, (2014). The psychology of suicide behavior. Lancet Psychiatry, 1, 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70222-6.
O’Keefe V. M., & Wingate, L. R. (2013). The role of hope and optimism in suicide risk for American Indians/Alaska Natives. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 43(6), 621-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12044.
Opperman, K., Czyz, E. K., Gipson, P. I., & King, C. (2015). Connectedness and Perceived Burdensomeness among Adolescents at Elevated Suicide Risk: An Examination of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicidal Behavior. Archives of Suicide Research, 19(3), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2014.957451.
Orbach, I., Milstein, I., Har-Even, D., Apter, A., Tiano, S., & Elizur, A. (1991). Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for Adolescents. Journal of Psychological Assessment, 3(3), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.398.
Pisani, A., Wyman, P., Petrova, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Goldston, D., Xia, Y., & Gould, M. S. (2013). Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Youth–Adult Relationships, and Suicide Attempts Among High School Students in Underserved Communities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(6), 807-820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9884-2
Posner, K. (2016). Evidence-Based Assessment to improve assessment of suicide risk, ideation, and behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10), S95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.051
Quiñones, V., Jurska, J., Fener, E., & Miranda, R. (2015). Active and passive problem solving: Moderating role in the relation between depressive symptoms and future suicidal ideation varies by suicide attempt history. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71, 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22155.
Rial Boubeta, A., Varela Mallou, J., Abalo Piñeiro, J., & Lévy Mangin, J. P. (2006). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. En: J.P. Lévy Mangin & J. Varela Mallou (Eds.), Modelización con estructuras de covacianzas en ciencias sociales (pp. 119-154). Netbiblo.
Rudd, M. D. (2008). Teoría de la vulnerabilidad fluida: Un enfoque cognitivo para entender el proceso suicida agudo y crónico. En T. E. Ellis (Ed.), Cognición y Suicidio. Teoría, investigación y terapia. Manual Moderno.
Ruiz Hernández, J. A., Navarro-Ruiz, J. M., Torrente Hernández, G., & Rodríguez González, A. (2005). Construcción de un cuestionario de creencias actitudinales sobre el comportamiento suicida: el CCCS-18. Psicothema, 17(4), 684-690. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/3166.pdf
Runeson, B., Odeberg, J., Pettersson, A., Edbom, T., Jildevik-Adamsson, I., & Waern, M. (2017). Instruments for the assessment of suicide risk: A systematic review evaluating the certainty of the evidence. PLoS ONE, 12(7)Article. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180292.
Shneidman, E. S., & Farberow, N. L. (1957). Some comparisons between genuine and simulated suicide notes. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 56, 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1957.9920335.
Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Hill, R. M., Slish, M. L., Bagge, C. L., Joiner Jr., T. E., & Wingate, L. R. (2017). Empirical Extension of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: Investigating the Role of Interpersonal Hopelessness. Psychiatry Research, 259, 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.005.
Van Orden, A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S., Selby, E. A., Joiner Jr.,T. E. (2010). The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697.
World Health Organization. (2019). Public health action for the prevention of suicide. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75166/1/9789241503570_eng.pdf
World Medical Association-WSA. (2017). Declaration of Helsinki. https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
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2023-01-18
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Galarza, A., Fernández Liporace, M., Castañeiras, C., & Freiberg-Hoffmann, A. (2023). ASSY-I Screening: A Suicidality Scale for Argentinean Young Students. Psykhe, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2021.28249
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