Polarización socio espacial: un nuevo abordaje desde la dialéctica socio espacial
Palavras-chave:
Desigualdad, Polarización socio espacial, GeografíaResumo
Una de las principales tesis de la geografía marxista es que las desigualdades sociales se han visto exacerbadas en las sociedades capitalistas, desigualdades que también se expresan en el espacio en múltiples escalas y dimensiones, las cuales afectan notoriamente el bienestar de las personas y las sociedades. Durante décadas se han estudiado dichas desigualdades socio espaciales, a través de diversos conceptos, entre los cuales se destaca la noción de polarización, junto con diversos subconceptos (polarización social, política, económica, afectiva, etc.) para referirse a diferentes fenómenos sociales y territoriales, como transformaciones laborales, segregación o conflictos políticos, a partir de lo cual se ha argumentado que el concepto es difuso y ambiguo. A partir de lo anterior, se generó un análisis sobre cómo se ha abordado el concepto de polarización, sobre todo en la geografía y otras disciplinas afines, mediante una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de poder generar un espacio de reflexión sobre cómo se ha construido este concepto, abordado desde los origines del concepto en el marxismo, el abordaje teórico de S. Sassen, las aproximaciones técnicas desde la geografía y los diferentes subconceptos de polarización que se reconocen en la literatura. A partir del proceso anterior, se propone un enfoque teórico a través de la dialéctica socio espacial, reconociendo la importancia del componente territorial, como social y del capital, para retomar este concepto como un enfoque interesante para los estudios sobre desigualdad socio espacial en la geografía.
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